Plasma-Activated Water: Physicochemical Properties, Generation Techniques, and Applications

Plasma-activated water (PAW) is that has been treated with atmospheric pressure plasma. Due to the presence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), PAW can be used in various applications such as (1) surface disinfection food decontamination, (2) enhancement seed germination, (3) cooling nucleate boiling regime. Briefly, for disinfection, induce oxidative stress on microbes; trigger germination provide nutrients; cooling, cause a reduction tension PAW, facilitating phase-change heat transfer and, quite unexpectedly, minimizing oxidation. Here, we review physicochemical properties three commonly techniques (plasma jet, dielectric barrier discharge, corona discharge) generating plasma, use above applications. In particular, recent development miniaturization plasma generator integrated an acoustic neutralizer produce plasma-activated aerosols, elimination need storage, interesting lead enhancement.